Classification of Software Qualities

There are many desirable software qualities. Some of these apply both to the product and to the process used to produce the product. The user wants the software products to be reliable, efficient, and easy to use.

The producer of the software wants it to be verifiable, maintainable, portable, and extensible. The manager of the software project wants the process of software development to be productive and easy to control.

In this section, we consider two different classifications of software-related qualities: internal versus external and product versus process.
 

External versus Internal Qualities

We can divide software qualities into external and internal qualities. The external qualities are visible to the users of the system: the internal qualities are those thatconcern the developers of the system. In general, users of the software only care about the external qualities, but it is the internal qualities, which deal largely withthe structure of the software, that help developers achieve the external qualities.

For example, the internal quality of verifiability is necessary for achieving theexternal quality of reliability. In many cases, however, the qualities are relatedclosely and the distinction between internal and external is not sharp.

Product and Process Qualities
 

We use a process to produce the software product. We can also attribute some qualities to the process, although process qualities often are closely related to product qualities. For example, if the process requires careful planning of system test data before any design and development of the system starts, products reliability will increase. Some qualities, such as efficiency, apply both to the product and to the process.

It is interesting to examine the word product here. It usually refers to what is delivered to the customer. Even though this is an acceptable definition from the customer’s perspective, it is not adequate for the developer who requires a general definition of a software product that encompasses not only the object code and the user manual that are delivered to the customer but also the requirements, design, source code, test data, etc. In fact, it is possible to deliver different subsets of the same product to different customers.

Classification of Software Qualities

SOFTWARE QUALITY

We examine the qualities that are pertinent to software products and software production processes. These qualities will become our goals in the practice of software engineering. 

The basic goal of software engineering is to produce quality software. Software quality is a broad and important field of software engineering addressed by several standardization bodies, such as ISO, IEEE, ANSI, etc. 

Software quality is the: 

Conformance to explicitly stated functional and performance requirements, explicitly documented development standards, and implicit characteristics that are expected of all professionally developed software. 

The above definition emphasizes three important points: 

1. Software requirements are the foundation from which quality is measured. Lack of conformance to requirements is lack of quality. 

2. Specified standards define a set of development criteria that guide the manner in which software is engineered. If the criteria are not followed, lack of quality will almost surely result. 

3. There is a set of implicit requirements that often goes unmentioned. If software conforms to its explicit requirements but fails to meet implicit requirements, software quality is suspect.

SOFTWARE QUALITY